Dust to dust 

Dust to Dust may refer to:

 

 

 


考ID---Puritanism 清教徒主義

 

The Puritans were a group of English-speaking Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries. Puritans thought that theEnglish Reformation had not gone far enough. They also did not agree with some of the things the Church of England did.

King Henry VIII separated from the Roman Catholic Church in 1534 and established the Protestant Church of England. This Church remained until 1553. Queen Mary returned the Church to be Roman Catholic until 1558 when Elizabeth I of Englandbecame Queen. Since she was a Protestant many people were happy but thought that the Church had not changed enough and was still too much like Catholicism.[1]

A Puritan was any person who tried to become more pure through worship and doctrine. The Puritans' way of life and set of beliefs were called Puritanism. The most important parts of Puritanism were piety (obeying religious rules), dressing simply, and living a modest life.

 


 Three keypoint

1. original  sin

Original sin, also called ancestral sin,[1] is the Christian doctrine of humanity's state of sinresulting from the fall of man,[2] stemming from Adam's rebellion in Eden. This condition has been characterized in many ways, ranging from something as insignificant as a slight deficiency, or a tendency toward sin yet without collective guilt, referred to as a "sin nature", to something as drastic as total depravity or automatic guilt of all humans through collective guilt.

2. predestiny

The belief that all events are determined in advance by divine will or fate.

3. inherited  swift

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The Federalist  聯邦論者

 

The Federalist (later known as The Federalist Papers) is a collection of 85 articles and essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay promoting the ratification of the United States Constitution. Seventy-seven were published serially in The Independent Journal and The New York Packet between October of 1787 and August 1788. A compilation of these and eight others, called The Federalist; or, The New Constitution, was published in two volumes in 1788 by J. and A. McLean.[1] The collection's original title was The Federalist; the title The Federalist Papers did not emerge until the 20th century.

 

Though the authors of The Federalist Papers foremost wished to influence the vote in favor of ratifying the Constitution, inFederalist No. 1 they explicitly set that debate in broader political terms:

 

It has been frequently remarked, that it seems to have been reserved to the people of this country, by their conduct and example, to decide the important question, whether societies of men are really capable or not, of establishing good government from reflection and choice, or whether they are forever destined to depend, for their political constitutions, on accident and force.

 

三權分立:

1.Legislation立法權

2.Juficial司法權

3.Executive 行政權

 

The separation of powers (or trias politica, a term coined by French political thinker Montesquieu) is a model for the governance of the state. This same principle is applied in non-political realms under the term separation of duties.

 

Montesquieu proposed division of political power between an executive, a legislature, and a judiciary. Under this model, each branch has separate and independent powers and areas of responsibility; however, each branch is also able to place limits on the power exerted by the other branches.

 

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Romantic period

Romanticism (also the Romantic era or the Romantic period) was an artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe toward the end of the 18th century and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate period from 1800 to 1850. Partly a reaction to the Industrial Revolution,[1] it was also a revolt against the aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature.[2] It was embodied most strongly in the visual arts, music, and literature, but had a major impact on historiography,[3] education[4] and the natural sciences.[5] Its effect on politics was considerable and complex; while for much of the peak Romantic period it was associated with liberalism andradicalism, its long-term effect on the growth of nationalism was probably more significant. The intellectual historian Isaiah Berlin has referred to Romanticism as "the last great 'transvaluation of values' in modern history."

 Two important keypoints

1.Individualistic

2.Emotional

 

Voc:

1.wrath   怒,激怒,猛烈的力量,神譴    ->恫嚇型文字

2.Treaty  條約,協議,協商,談判

3.Agrarian.鄉村風 (a.)有關土地的,耕地的

Agr表示<園藝>